IVF: In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, commonly known as IVF, is a second-level treatment that consists of several phases:
The first phase involves stimulating ovarian function to induce multiple follicle growth.
This is necessary because in vitro (i.e., in the lab), the chances of each individual oocyte being fertilized and developing into a fetus are lower than normal.
Multiple follicle growth allows for obtaining a greater number of oocytes for a single ovulation, thus increasing the chances of achieving pregnancy.
The follicles that have been monitored and are sufficiently mature (diameter >16 mm) are aspirated, and the obtained follicular fluid is immediately checked under a microscope for the presence of oocytes.
This is done using a simple aspiration technique under sedation, completely painlessly via transvaginal ultrasound guidance.
Shortly after oocyte retrieval, the partner is asked to produce a semen sample through masturbation.
After that, the sperm and oocytes are brought into contact until the outcome of fertilization is confirmed.
Oocytes showing signs of normal fertilization (two pronuclei oocyte) are maintained in culture.
During this period, the two pronuclei disappear, forming the zygote. This phase is followed by the first cell division, at which point the actual embryo is present.
In our Center, prolonged embryo culture is adopted until the BLASTOCYST stage (5th - 6th day), achievable in 90% of cases when there are at least 3 good-quality embryos after 48-72 hours from fertilization, with results in terms of ongoing pregnancy exceeding 50%.
On the day of the transfer, the embryos are transferred with a catheter into the patient's uterine cavity.
It is important to remember that the implantation process depends both on the quality of the embryos and the uterus's ability to accommodate them.
The remaining embryos that are not transferred and show signs of viability are appropriately cryopreserved for potential subsequent cycles, without the need for new stimulation.
About two weeks after the transfer, to know the outcome of the treatment, the dosage of ß-HCG is performed, a hormone produced by the embryo once it has implanted.
If positive, about 20 days later, a follow-up ultrasound will be conducted to observe the presence of the gestational sac. Once observed, monitoring of the pregnancy can continue in the following months.
This technique is indicated in tubal infertility, moderate male infertility, or moderate-severe infertility, and after failure of intrauterine insemination.
The staff at CMR is here to support you through the activation of an ONLINE CONSULTATION desk, where they will answer all your questions to establish a first approach and begin an important journey together.